If you are facing a long-term illness, injury, or medical condition that prevents you from working, you may be wondering if you qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. These benefits provide financial support to individuals who are unable to work because of a disability. While the application process can be complex, understanding the basic eligibility requirements can help you determine if you qualify.

What is Social Security Disability Insurance?

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a federal program administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that provides monthly payments to individuals who cannot work due to a qualifying disability. It differs from Supplemental Security Income (SSI), another federal program for individuals with disabilities who have limited income and resources. SSDI benefits are primarily intended for people who have worked and paid into the Social Security system during their employment.

Basic Eligibility Requirements for SSDI

There are several key factors the SSA considers when determining if you are eligible for SSDI benefits. The most important criteria include your disability, work history, and the severity of your condition.

Disability Definition

To qualify for SSDI, you must have a disability that meets the SSA’s strict definition. The SSA defines disability as a condition that prevents you from performing substantial work and has lasted or is expected to last for at least one year, or is expected to result in death. The disability must significantly limit your ability to work. This could include physical disabilities (e.g., amputations, back injuries, heart conditions) or mental disabilities (e.g., severe depression, schizophrenia, or cognitive disorders).

Work History and “Credits”

Your work history is a critical factor in determining your eligibility. SSDI is intended for people who have worked and contributed to Social Security through payroll taxes. To qualify, you must have earned a certain number of work credits based on your past employment. Work credits are earned by working and paying Social Security taxes on your income. In 2025, you earn one credit for every $1,470 you earn, up to a maximum of four credits per year. To qualify for SSDI, you typically need 40 credits, with 20 of those credits earned in the last 10 years. Younger workers may need fewer credits. For example, if you are between 31 and 42 years old, you need 20 credits in total, and if you are under 24, you may qualify with just six credits. This work history requirement ensures that those receiving SSDI benefits have contributed to the Social Security system.

Severity of the Disability

The SSA uses a five-step process to evaluate the severity of your disability, known as the “Sequential Evaluation Process.” This process helps determine if your condition is severe enough to prevent you from working. The first step considers whether you are working and earning more than a certain amount per month, referred to as Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA). If you are, you may not qualify. The second step assesses whether your condition is severe enough to limit your ability to perform basic work-related activities. If your condition doesn’t meet the SSA’s criteria, the third step evaluates whether your condition meets or equals a listed impairment. The SSA maintains a list of impairments that are considered severe enough to qualify for SSDI. If your condition is on this list or is equivalent in severity to one on the list, you may qualify. In step four, the SSA evaluates whether you can still do your past work. If you cannot, step five determines whether you can perform other types of work based on your condition, age, education, and experience.

Duration of Disability

Your disability must be expected to last at least one year or result in death. Short-term disabilities are generally not covered under SSDI. If your condition is temporary or improving, it may not meet the SSA’s eligibility requirements.

The Application Process

Once you determine that you meet the basic eligibility requirements, the next step is to apply for SSDI benefits. You can apply online through the SSA’s website, over the phone, or in person at your local Social Security office. It’s essential to gather all necessary medical records, work history, and supporting documents to ensure a smooth application process. The SSA will review your application, which may take several months. Many initial claims are denied, but you can appeal the decision if necessary.

Common Reasons for Denial

Some of the most common reasons SSDI applications are denied include insufficient work credits, failure to provide enough medical evidence proving the severity of the disability, and earning above the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) limit.

Conclusion

Qualifying for Social Security Disability benefits depends on your work history, the severity of your disability, and your ability to engage in substantial work. If you’re unsure whether you qualify, it’s a good idea to consult with an attorney who specializes in Social Security Disability law. Understanding the eligibility requirements can help you navigate the application process and ensure you receive the benefits you need while you’re unable to work.

Navigating the intricacies of Social Security Disability benefits can be made more manageable with the assistance of the expert North Carolina disability specialists, Golson, McCracken Inc. Our team specializes in advocating for the rights of the disabled and offers our clients comprehensive support throughout the application and appeals process.

Golson, McCracken Inc. provides services across North Carolina including Raleigh, Sanford, Mebane, Greensboro, and Charlotte. If you suffer from a disability in North Carolina, contact North Carolina SSDI and SSI advocate Golson, McCracken Inc. to enhance your chances of successfully securing the benefits you need.